Improvement in apparatus for concentrating sulphuric acid



G. A. HAGEMANN Apparatus for Concent ating su lphuric-Aci d. No mss-,567, Patentd3uly13,l875.

I EEEES I A- I VE LN %f h NJETEJRS. FHOTO-UTMOGRAF'NEH, WASHINGTON.'D C.

GUSTAV A. HAGEMANN, OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK.

IM PROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR CNCENTRATING SULPHURIC AC ID Specificaiicn forming part of Letfers Patent No. [65,567, dated July 13, 1875; application filed May 21, 1875.

CASE A.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GUSTAV AL HAGE- MANN, of Copenhagen, Denmark, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Apparatus for the Concentration ot' Snlphuric Acid; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawing formin g part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a horizontal section of a furnace for concentrating sulphuric acid. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same. Fig. 3 is a section at right angles to Fig. 2. Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged Views of the conical evaporating tube or pipe; and Fig. 6 is a View ot' the preferred form of pipe when ot' cast-iron or similar materal.

Like letters ret'er to like parts wherever they occur.

My invention relates to the Construction of apparatus for the concentratio of sulphurie acid; and it consists, first, in combining with a furnace-flue one or more conical evaporat ing pipes or tubes, eXtending through the flue, and in communication with the cooler and condenser; second, in combining an injeetor or similar device with the vapor-pipe leading from the evaporating-pipe, whereby a current of air may be induced in the evaporating pipe or tube to facilitate the concent-ration of the acid, and to carry off the Vapors; third, in providing the interior of the evaporating-tube with a series ot'rings or checks to distribute the acid evenly over the interior surface of the tube, and to regulate the flow.

I will now proceed to describe my invention, so that others skilled in the art may apply the same.

In the drawing, A represents the furnacewalls, forming a Vertical flue, A', which receives the products ot' combustion from two or more fire-places, a e, connected with flues A' by the fiues b, the latter being partially closed by fire-bricks or tiles b which serve to break the force of the lane and products of oombustion, and regulate the heat in fiue A'. Flue A' is closed below by an arch, a butcomnunicates above, by means of flues d d withthe space (1 beneath the lead pans D, so that the Waste heat is utilized in evaporat ing the chamber-acid. Within the flue A' is arranged one or more conical evaporating tubes, c, the ends ot' which extend outside the furnace, the upper passing through an iron collar or collars Secured in the furnace-walls, and which support the tube, the lower terminatin g in or above a cup leading to the cooler. The upper end ot' pipe c, Fig. 4, is provided with cuts o of exactly equal length and width, made in either a perpendicular or oblique line, and extending downward from the edge, and is surrounded just below these cuts by a rin g or collar, orming a cup, 0 for the reception and distribution of the acid to the interior surface of pipe c, and also to form a seal-joint for the pipe leading to the condenser. 0 are a series of rings or checks, of platinum or other suitable material, arranged within the pipe c, to insure the even distribution ot'the acid over the inner surface of the pipe, and to regulate its tlow. V These rings or checks are frustums ot' hollow cones, formed from strips of platinum, the base of the frustun corresponding in diameter with the part ot' the pipe where it is to lodge. These checks may be simply dropped, base downward, into place in thepipe in such numbers as found necessary or desh-able. Pipe c, at its lower end, which extends outside the furnace, discharges into a platinum cup, L', connected With the usual platinum cooler, and this cup k may be placed either so as to close the pipe as shown in the drawing, or at a distance below the pipe, so

as to permit the entrance of air into pipe e, which latter is the preferred arrangement when a current of air is induced to assist the concentration of the acid.

From the upper end ot' conical pipe c a lead or other suitable pipe, e, (having its end sealed in cup 0 leads to a condenser, g g, which may be ot' the form shown, a simple worm, or other form, as preferred; and froni the condenser a second pipe, h, conducts off the uncondensed vapors, prefe'ably to the acid chamber, as shown, where they may be utilized.

Somewhere in the length of pipe h I intro duce a jet or injector, i, for the purpose of creating a current ot' air in pipe c, when desired, and for drawing oti' the vapors.

The pipe c may be made of cast-iron, glass, glazed stonew are, or similar material, though platinum is the material generally enployed by me, as it may be made thin, transmitting the heatreadily, and saving fue] in heating the furnace, and the acid is not affected, as is the case where iron is used. However, when an iron pi pe is to be employed, I prefer to form the cup c upon the inside thereof, as shown in Fig. 6, and with perforations p for the distribution of the acid over the inner surface of the pipe.

The taper given to the conical pipe will depend to a certain extent on the temperature, so that it' the temperature of the furnace surrounding` the pipe exceed the boiliig-point of the acid, then the relative tapenof the pipe must be increased in proportioate ratio to counteract the repulsive force of the applied heat.

The operation of these devices is as fol- ]ows: The furnace having been brought to the desired temperature a properly-regulated stream of acid, of about 60 Baum, is conducted from lead pans D to the collar or cup c of the conical tube c, and is distributed in an even film over the interior surface of the pipe by means of the slots 0 and flowin` down the entire iner surface of the platinum tube, is exposed to the heat of the furnace, which causes a rapid evaporation to take place, which may be expedited by induced air-currents, caused by the ijector z'. The vapors given Ott' escape by pipe e to the condenser,

and any uncondensed vapors passing worm q may, by means of the ijector 'i` be directed either to the usual lead-cooler or to the acidchamber.

It' the stream is properly regulated, and a steady fire is kept in the furnace, the acid becomes concentrated in passing the pipe and will discharge into the cooler below at the proper strength-GG Baun. i

The advantages arising from the use of an app-aratus as above described are, saving in fuel, rapidity of operation, and the sinplicty of the devices.

Having tlus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. ln combination with a vertical flue, A',

fire-places a a, one or more conical evaporating-tubes c, placed Vertically within the flue, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In combination with the conical tube c, within a suitable furnace, the educton-pipe e, and a jet or injector, 2', substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. The conical evaporation-tube c, provided with a series of removable rings or checks, 0 substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4:. The combination of the flues A' (l evaporating-tube c, and the evaporating-pan D, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I, the said GUSTAV A. HAGEMANN, have hereunto set my hand.

G. A. HAGEMANN.

Witnesses J. V. RooDAuME, AUG. TRHAG. 

